The purpose of the dachshund was to hunt and guard animals that were hiding in holes.
However, not every hole corresponded to the size of the breed.
Thus, the breeders made a non-standard decision, thanks to which another variety of dachshund was born, which, if anything distinguished it from the standard breed, was its size.
However, nowadays the miniature dachshund is used primarily as a decorative dog and companion rather than as a hunter and watchdog.
Origin story
The homeland of dwarf dachshunds is Germany, where breeders bred a breed whose role would be limited to hunting small animals in burrows. The start of work on breeding small dogs is recognized as the end of the 19th century.
At first they tried to breed the breed by crossing with the miniature pinscher.
However, as a result of this approach, the puppies either lost the required hunting qualities, which no one was going to give up, or as they grew, serious flaws in the specific characteristics of the breed were revealed and the puppies grew up with long legs and large eyes.
Therefore, scientists refused to introduce other blood types, and subsequently completely changed their approach to the matter.
Breeders began to carefully select the future founders of the new branch among small individuals of standard dachshunds, where, along with external characteristics, they took into account working qualities .
In terms of breeding, it is customary to distinguish two directions. The first continues the hunting line, when, like others, they breed dachshunds based on external data, not depending on working qualities.
General characteristics of the dachshund
The dachshund is a long, short-legged dog. Its charm and attractive face make it one of the most popular breeds. She has been on the top lists for many years. This is a smart, agile dog with an intelligent, attentive look and small size. She is not picky about her contents and is devoted to her owner.
Characteristics of representatives of the breed.
| Options | Characteristic |
| Aggressiveness | She is considered one of the most aggressive towards strangers |
| Activity | Active, cheerful, playful |
| Noise | Loves to bark, has a shrill voice |
| Need for care | Easy to use, doesn't shed much |
| Intelligence | Very smart, observant, quick-witted |
| Training | Difficult to train due to high intelligence and desire to dominate, can make decisions independently and will not obey if he considers the command unnecessary |
| Health | Average, congenital diseases are common |
| Friendliness | Kind only to members of her own family, does not favor strangers |
| Working qualities | Good hunting qualities, protects the owner, but a poor guard |
| Where can I keep | Easily adapts to any conditions |
| Features of feeding | Unpretentious in choosing food, eats everything |
Why this breed is so popular can be seen in the photographs.
Dachshund
Dachshund in a jump
Dachshund face
There are several features and interesting facts that distinguish Dachshund dogs from others.
- She was bred for burrow hunting. Among all hunting dogs, this is the smallest. But she is strong, resilient, smart and can make her own decisions. Can hunt badgers and hares.
- Hunting instincts are very strong, so you only need to walk your pet on a leash. Otherwise, he will rush after all small animals and birds. Although these dogs are usually friends with other pets.
- This dog has very strong paws and loves to dig. Therefore, when keeping a private house in the yard, it is better not to leave your pet unattended.
- Representatives of the breed are characterized by a high life expectancy. They live on average 15 years. There are many long-lived dachshunds who have lived longer than 20 years.
- The dachshund dog became the first mascot of the Olympic Games. Even the marathon route resembled the outline of her body.
- This dog is very gluttonous. He eats as much as they give and asks for more. Because of this, representatives of the breed are prone to weight gain.
- Dachshunds are restless and big fans of jumping. But due to the nature of their structure, they are prone to injury. Therefore, you should not allow them to jump from a height or stand on their hind legs.
- The Dachshund is a very sociable dog. She needs constant attention. She is very loyal and loves her owner, but she needs to reciprocate.
pros
The main advantage of this breed is that dachshunds are very smart. They quickly understand what is required of them and easily adapt to any situation. The dachshund is suitable for keeping in a private house or in a city apartment. This is an ideal pet for older people who can give it attention. Several positive qualities explain why dog breeders love the dachshund so much:
- Several varieties and different colors allow you to choose a dog you like;
- very smart, independent, have a strong personality;
- strongly attached to the owner, faithful and devoted;
- this is a cheerful, playful and affectionate pet;
- due to its small size, the dachshund does not require much space or serious physical activity;
- bravely rush to protect the owner;
- this is a good hunting dog;
- protects the house, responding to strange sounds;
- It does not require special care.
Minuses
Homebodies, inactive people, or those who are constantly away from home should not get a dachshund. These pets do not like to be left alone, they can become aggressive and noisy, and chew things. Dachshund dogs also have other disadvantages:
- often stubborn, like to dominate;
- difficult to train, obey only an authoritative owner;
- touchy;
- may be aggressive towards strangers;
- they bite painfully and can even bite the owner or family member;
- unclean;
- very noisy, can bark at any sound;
- if let off the leash, they will hunt small animals; in the village they can strangle poultry;
- Dachshunds are big eaters, so they are prone to obesity;
- often suffer from spinal diseases.
You can clearly see the breed, its advantages and interesting facts in the video.
Marriage or a separate breed?
This dachshund appeared as a result of one work on modifying the breed.
The bet was on reducing the size, during which the breeders preserved the specific advantages of the dog, as well as the predisposition to hunting activities.
The miniature dachshund is recognized, if not as a separate species, then as one of the varieties of the breed, since it was bred purposefully and does not represent mistakes on the part of breeders.
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TUESDAY 01/25/2022
| Breed | Chinese Crested Dog |
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Pet Personality
Dachshunds are natural hunters and wonderful companions who are loyal and eager to learn.
They love cleanliness and attention, are attached to family members and are ready to serve zealously, standing up for security and order..
Despite its possessive qualities, this is a sociable, friendly and cheerful breed, which is also not without stubbornness and disobedience.
Dachshunds are inquisitive and love long walks, during which they are happy to demonstrate their natural endurance. They are not without a desire for comfort, so they carefully go through all the cozy corners in the house.
But they do not forgive a disdainful attitude towards their person . Therefore, it is advised to build any relationship with the breed on mutual respect.
Attitude towards children
A dachshund and a child are an ideal couple . Representatives of this breed treat children very carefully, often perceiving them as their own. If there is a lack of parental attention, the dachshund, to the best of its canine strength, can compensate the baby for the lack of communication.
These dogs are capable of tirelessly playing and frolicking with the baby, but even in the midst of fun they are restrained and are unlikely to bite the child.
If the baby greatly tires the animal, it will simply leave for a while and will soon return again to continue active communication.
It is best if the dachshund appeared in the house after the birth of the child, since representatives of the breed can often show the “newcomer” their leadership in the house, although they will love them equally with other family members.
What does it look like in the photo?
The mini dachshund is recognized as a smaller version of the standard type. But, despite its miniature size, this dog retained the data that the relatives had.
Starting from external data to the innate qualities required for burrow hunting . The breed has an elongated head that gradually tapers towards the nose and a contoured nose that is black or brown in color.
Dogs have developed jaws and a stocky, long body with pronounced muscles.
The miniature dachshund is a sensitive animal that reacts sharply to the owner’s intonation: be it praise or reprimand . A stern voice for a trusting dog is not something that a dachshund will be proud of.
However, she is ready to show her fangs if she considers the owner’s behavior offensive or even dismissive. Due to their self-esteem, animals cannot tolerate such treatment.
Contents in the apartment
Before purchasing a dachshund puppy, you need to prepare your apartment and household for its arrival.
For this it is necessary:
- Buy a bed or house of the appropriate size. A house is preferable, as sometimes dachshunds like to be alone. The sleeping area should be located away from drafts and away from public passages so that the dog can sleep peacefully.
- Place food and water bowls within easy reach and hide the bowls of other animals.
- Put electrical wires in a box, as puppies can chew them.
- Equip a place for a toilet (if you plan to train your pet to relieve itself in the apartment). The diaper or tray must be placed in a secluded corner so that the animal is not afraid of sharp sounds and people during its “business”.
CAREFULLY!
You should not allow your dachshund to jump from heights, otherwise it may damage its vulnerable spine.
The sofa is considered height for this breed.
Breed standard
| Index | Description |
| Head | Elongated, but narrowed towards the nose. The transition from the forehead to the muzzle is weakly expressed. The jaws are developed and hidden by the lips. |
| Eyes | Medium size, oval shape. Slightly lopsided. Brown eye color predominates. |
| Ears | Hanging, rounded at the ends. |
| Frame | Muscular, developed. It looks squat and elongated. The sternum is wide and protruding. The back is straight, not arched or drooping. |
| Limbs | Short but strong. The paws are arched, the hind legs are narrower than the forelegs. |
| Tail | The tail is plump at the base and becomes thinner towards the end. |
Expert opinion
Kozhevin Semyon Kirillovich
Expert dog handler.
Among the advantages of the breed are sociability; the dog is easily receptive to the voice of the owner and gets along well with both children and other pets. But it is possible that in relation to small animals the dog’s instincts will leap, opening the doors to the hunter. Dachshunds are also big owners and jealous people, for whom it is important to be close to the object of their affection. The situation is similar with the protection of the territory. It will not attack, but will delay it by barking.
Absolutely all owners note dachshunds as peace-loving dogs
Dogs with a good mood in any weather and with the desire to be a member of the family, and not just a pet. The breed spends its energy reserves on games, and on following household members around the house, and on tricks while no one is looking, while the dachshund will pay attention to all family members. No one can escape the flow of her love and the dachshund fawns over everyone.
But at the same time, reviews of dachshunds often have a clause about the reaction to guests in the house. A peaceful and affectionate dog, he often perceives guests as strangers on his territory. It is not uncommon for owners to have to isolate their pet while guests arrive, otherwise the dachshund may simply not allow strangers to cross the threshold.
Another serious disadvantage of the dachshund breed is that the owners say they are jealous and do not love children. Even if a dachshund plays with kids, it will most likely end in tears, since dachshunds bite in games. But this is not so bad, since a good half of the dachshunds generally do not accept the presence of a child in the house. Many people note that when they already had a dachshund, and later had a child, the sweet and kind dog became fiercely jealous and bit not only the mother, who was caring for the new baby, but also tried to harm the child. Some owners even had to give up the dog and find new owners for it. That is why it is recommended to take the breed only into families with children over 10 years old, in order to avoid attacks of jealousy and injury.
What is the difference between a standard dachshund and a rabbit?
There are three varieties of dachshunds: standard, dwarf (miniature) and rabbit. Also, each variety has three intra-breed types, which cover the characteristics of the coat.
However, differences among varieties are primarily in size . Thus, the dwarf dachshund has all the makings of a large relative, from character traits to the breed standard, successfully maneuvering between the parameters of growth and size.
But if we compare the rabbit and miniature varieties, the first one gravitates more toward a decorative appearance than to hunting activity.
Despite the fact that the breeders tried to preserve the temperament of the breed, the rabbit dachshund is noticeably inferior in guard and hunting abilities.
The appearance of the dog has undergone similar changes . If the miniature dachshund resembles a smaller version of the standard one, since breeding took place without admixtures of foreign blood, then the rabbit was bred as an alternative to the albino ferret.
Dimensions and weight of an adult mini dachshund
For this breed, proportionality of build is more important than height, weight or chest volume. Ideal parameters for a miniature dog: the height at the withers is related to the length of the dachshund's body as one to 1.7 (1.8). In other words, if the height at the withers is taken as one, then the length of the body should be 1.7 or 1.8. Measurements are taken after the animal reaches maturity (15 months). At this age, growth stops and the formation of the skeletal system ends.
The average weight of an adult dachshund ranges from 4 to 5.5 kg. Dwarf dogs rarely reach the “record” 6 kg if they are not overfed. This species is not classified as a separate class. For example, the American Kennel Club has categorized it as “dogs 10 pounds or less, 12 months of age or older.”
Basic colors
The color of the dwarf dachshund is divided into three types :
- Shorthair. Single color - sable, red, deer. Bicolor - gray (blue) with a scattering of white spots on the limbs. Black is often found; tan also has a scattering of light spots; marble or harlequin. Light gray, light brown or white, but with black, red, dark brown spots.
- Long-haired. Similar to shorthair.
- Wirehaired. Not picky in terms of color, anyone can accept it.
Typically, dwarf dachshunds are tan in color with light spots that frame the face and sides, eyes, paws and chest.
Playfulness evokes conflicting feelings among dachshund breeders
People with an active lifestyle note this quality as a definite plus, while homebodies say that this breed is hyperactive. Indeed, the dachshund is ready to play always, everywhere, with all things, in any weather. It is not for nothing that the hunting breed has been bred for many years for burrow hunting, where in addition to strength it is necessary to show dexterity, courage and have a large supply of passion in order to catch an escaping animal from a hole. Residents of private houses note that a dachshund running around the property to its heart's content in the evening can watch a TV series with its owner. But urban apartment dwellers say that dachshunds are a form of fitness, since every day you still have to spend 2-3 hours outside running, throwing a ball, a stick, a frisbee, walking far and at a fast pace.
Another negative aspect in owner reviews of dachshunds is the wayward nature of the breed. If you missed something in your upbringing, and the dachshund senses your insecurity and weakness, the end result is an animal that, with its quick mind, knows what to do. The dachshund will sleep wherever he wants, climb wherever he wants, steal things, and you won’t be able to stop him from doing this. Weakness in raising a cute puppy as an adult results in an uncontrollable, cunning dachshund.
Menacing barking is a feature of the dachshund. Some people say that this is good at scaring away uninvited guests from a high fence, behind which you cannot see what kind of animal is barking there. But in the city, barking dachshunds are a real problem. It is practically impossible to wean a breed from barking, since this is its innate skill required for hunting.
Another disadvantage of the dachshund breed, according to reviews from owners, is the passion for chewing everything. This is especially a problem for urban dachshunds. If a dachshund doesn’t walk enough, waits alone at home for a long time for its owner, or simply doesn’t have its own arsenal of toys, then it will find ways to entertain itself with its owner’s things. Table legs, shoes, toys, furniture - yes, everything that anyone's heart desires - everything is chewed off. With suburban dachshunds the situation is simpler, although in dachshunds living in a private home, uncontrollable gnawing is replaced by an equally uncontrollable desire to dig holes. Things are especially bad in areas where there are mice, because the dachshund will hunt them, but do it in his own style. Hearing the rustling, she will dig a hole in order to get to the rodent in a roundabout way.
Advantages and disadvantages
Positive aspects of the breed:
- intelligence;
- communication skills;
- endurance;
- devotion;
- bravery;
- innate hunting qualities;
- good makings of a security guard;
- compactness;
- easy care (minimal shedding).
Negative sides:
- stubbornness and willfulness;
- touchiness;
- tendency to obesity;
- disobedience.
Types by coat type
The miniature dachshund has three types of hair . Shorthair type: The coat is short and smooth.
The wire-haired type is characterized by rigidity, thick hair, with undercoat. The dog also has bushy eyebrows, a mustache and a small goatee. The hair is shorter in the crown area and on the ears.
The long-haired type has a soft-to-the-touch coat that is slightly wavy . And in the areas of the body, neck, ears and hind limbs, along with the tail, it is longer.
Life expectancy, illness and health
The average lifespan of dwarf dachshunds is 12-15 years. Also, due to their physiological characteristics, they are not without health problems.
Let's list the main:
- Acanthosis nigricans. The dachshund's skin becomes rough, darkens and hair falls out.
- Swimmer's syndrome." Puppies are unable to rise to their paws and are forced to crawl.
- Pinched spinal nerves. Leads to paralysis of the hind limbs.
- Intervertebral disc defect. It causes pinching of the spinal cord and leads to paralysis.
- Eye diseases. Glaucoma and cataracts.
- Colds and hypothermia.
- Urolithiasis and renal failure.
- Obesity. It develops due to a lack of physical activity, hormonal imbalances and lack of a balanced diet.
Choosing a mini dachshund puppy, where and how much you can buy
Buying a dwarf puppy from your own hands is much more profitable, but along with the pet you can get a whole bunch of troubles: lack of vaccinations, hereditary diseases, social or mental problems. A pet store or flea market is no better in this regard. If you need a healthy dwarf pet, you should find a breeder with a good reputation, visit the nursery, see the conditions in which the dogs are kept, and get to know the employees.
According to an ad on the website, you can find a pet for a couple of thousand, or even for free. A purebred dwarf dachshund with all vaccinations cannot cost less than 30-40 thousand rubles. Too low a price increases the risk of buying a “pig in a poke.”
Basic rules of care
- Brush with a natural bristle brush. Do not allow lumps to form.
- Wash with warm running water and use shampoo no more than 3-4 times a year.
- Remove discharge from eyes with a soft cloth or rinse with strong tea.
- Inspect your ear canals at least twice a month. Remove dirt with a cotton swab, pre-moistened with Vaseline.
- Trim and file nails as needed. Be careful not to touch the nerves.
- Walk at least twice a day. In bad weather, dogs are recommended to be dressed in warm, waterproof overalls, and in cold weather to be left at home and use trays to avoid colds and hypothermia.
Care and maintenance of a dwarf dachshund
In general, the animal does not require special living conditions. Short-haired pets do not need trimming or combing; taxi dogs with long or coarse hair are also not too picky. With a healthy diet and good physical activity, a dachshund can live a long life. But the owner will need enormous willpower not to overfeed his pet.
The problem is not in the selection of food, but in the pet’s excessive appetite. The dog will not be able to tear himself away from food, he will eat until the bowl is empty, and then he will start begging for more. Under no circumstances should you overfeed your dog. And it's not just about loss of activity. Obesity is the first step to loss of health.
Grooming
For short-haired dogs, it is enough to dry them with a terry towel. If desired, you can also use a medium-hard brush. Long-haired beauties require regular brushing, and even a trip to grooming.
Eye care
The corners of the eyes are periodically cleaned with a soft cloth. If the dwarf taxi's eyes are watery, you need to wash them with boric acid (2% solution) or strong black tea. If after three days the pet does not feel better, a visit to the veterinarian is needed.
Dental care
Strong teeth are a legacy of our hunter ancestors. With a balanced diet, micro-dachshunds, as a rule, do not have dental problems. The maximum is the appearance of plaque. This can be easily fixed with a special toothpaste and a medium-hard brush.
Feeding your pet
You can feed your dwarf dachshund with natural products or special food. Veterinarians do not recommend getting carried away with dry mixtures. The diet should include cottage cheese, porridge, chicken (without bones), and lean beef. Raw liver has a good effect on the quality of the coat. Regularly, about once a quarter, the taxi driver needs to be given vitamins. The owner will have to pull himself together and strictly limit feeding, prohibit all snacks, no matter how this cunning sycophant begs for more.
Giving dogs bones from chicken or other poultry is dangerous because of their tubular structure. The bones split on the teeth into large fragments with sharp edges, which can damage the throat, esophagus, stomach, and cause suffocation.
Water treatments
You can bathe dwarf dachshunds almost from birth. Bathing procedures with baby shampoo or a special composition are recommended once every 3-4 months. You can wash your dog with clean water without detergents at least every day.
Outdoor walks and exercise for a decorative dachshund
The short-haired dog does not tolerate cold well and does not like to walk in frost or bad weather. Owners will have to take care of a winter wardrobe for their pet. During a walk, curious dwarf taxis strive to stick their nose into all the cracks, examine a mole or mouse hole, and measure the depth of a puddle. The consequences of insatiable curiosity are dirt and garbage “all over the place.” But leaving the dog without physical activity is completely unacceptable: deprived of the opportunity to “blow off steam,” the mini-dachshunds will become aggressive and even get sick.
Raising and training a miniature dachshund
Miniature Dachshund puppies can't help but notice all the interesting things in the house. They simply have to try the owner’s slippers, or even expensive shoes, to their teeth, check the strength of electrical wires, make sure that the furniture is inedible and find out what will happen if they slightly chew the wallpaper.
The little pranksters should not be blamed for this - they are hunters by nature and must explore the surrounding space. It’s easy to avoid damage on a catastrophic scale: remove expensive shoes, block access to wires and bottles of household chemicals. And come to terms with the idea that the furniture and wallpaper will be slightly “modified” by the dwarf hunter.
A puppy that comes into the house for the first time should be immediately placed in a tray covered with a diaper and not released until it has relieved itself, large or small. For this “feat” the child is sure to be praised, caressed and treated to something. At first, the dwarf dachshund needs to be planted in the tray regularly. At the age of three months, a smart dog usually already understands the purpose of the tray and does not leave unexpected gifts for its owners in the corners. By this time, you can no longer use the diaper.
Vaccination and deworming
Conscientious breeders will always advise the buyer on the number and timing of vaccinations. It is best to buy a puppy 2.5-3 months old. By this time, the child is gradually weaning himself from his mother, knows how to eat on his own, and most importantly, receives the necessary vaccinations. You need to check with the breeder when the vaccination took place and how soon you can take your pet outside.
Vaccination rules:
- The vaccine is given only to healthy dogs;
- before vaccination it is necessary to drive away worms;
- a comprehensive vaccination (without rabies vaccine) can be done by a veterinarian or an experienced dog handler;
- The rabies vaccination is given only by a doctor under sterile conditions.
Anthelmintic drugs should be given to the dachshund 10-14 days before vaccination. The toxins released by the worms suppress the animal's immune system, making the vaccination useless. To make life easier for yourself and the veterinarian, it is recommended to put a label on the anthelmintic drug in the veterinary passport and indicate the date of the test.
Vaccinations and vaccine selection are the job of a veterinarian. You shouldn't take on this on your own.
How to feed
Pets do equally well with natural and dry food . However, with regard to natural nutrition, difficulties arise in balancing certain ingredients and portion sizes to suit your pet.
NOTE!
Remember that you cannot mix different types of feedings. Except, perhaps, for the period when the puppy is weaned from mother's milk in favor of dry food.
At this time, the diet is supplemented with low-fat dairy products, such as low-fat cottage cheese.
If the owner has made a choice in favor of natural nutrition, then get ready to stock up on foods high in protein (meat, fish, organ meats, fermented milk foods) and do not forget about grains, vegetables and fruits.
Avoid long bones, which can damage the stomach . Also, do not give your dog spicy, fatty or sweet foods.
Picky eating
It’s rare that a dachshund will refuse a treat offered to it. They are completely picky about food and are able to eat without a twinge of conscience even the most harmful food, which is contraindicated for them .
That is why a responsible owner must carefully monitor his pet’s diet.
There are three options for feeding dachshunds:
- natural food;
- dry food;
- a combination of natural and prepared food.
Representatives of this breed are ready to eat as long as food is given to them, which is why they should absolutely not be overfed.
IMPORTANT!
If dry food is chosen for nutrition, then you need to feed the animal at the rate of “40 grams of food per 1 kg of weight.”
Dachshunds love to “beg” and it is difficult to resist their pitiful eyes . In such cases, you can pamper your pet with a healthy animal treat, but in the evening after this you need to slightly reduce the portion of food.
Price range and popular nurseries
Today, dachshunds are kept, if not as a companion, then as a family pet, so there is no need to talk about assessing hunting abilities.
But if the owner is interested in breeding and participating in dog shows, then the dog must have not only all the necessary documents, but also meet standard requirements.
For example, below are nurseries whose activities revolve around breeding various types of dachshunds, including dwarf dachshunds:
- "Gift of a Gem";
- "Emerald Tale";
- "Limonium Country";
There is an unspoken agreement among breeders about average prices for puppies , which does not approve of those who are openly willful and reduce the price of the breed .
In general, the cost depends on several factors: pedigree, region and ambitions of the breeder.
The cost of dwarf (miniature) dachshund puppies varies from 10,000 to 12,000 rubles.
Who is better to choose - a boy or a girl?
When choosing a dachshund puppy, many owners wonder who is better to choose, a boy or a girl.
The choice depends largely on the goal pursued by the future owner.
If his goal:
- breeding offspring, it is best to choose a female, since they are treated more loyally than males. The main thing is to have documents certifying the purebred of the breed. Representatives of the “stronger” sex will have to participate in exhibitions more than once and take prizes before eminent breeders will pay attention to them. But it is worth considering the fact that caring for a pregnant dog is expensive.
- If you take a dog “for the soul”, then you can take any puppy you like, since both a boy and a girl will become ideal companions and devoted friends.
Of course, there are differences in the behavior of females and males . For example, males are more stubborn, straightforward, independent, ready to stubbornly follow their principles, while females are more flexible, gentle, and loving.
How to choose a puppy?
The puppy must have:
- harmonious physique;
- straight tail;
- straight, without deflection, back;
- long, high-set ears;
- shiny coat, no bald spots;
- set of teeth according to age.
Undesirable:
- White spots;
- completeness;
- protruding bones.
A healthy puppy sparkles with curiosity, friendliness and activity, so try to avoid those in whom cowardice and aggression predominate..
These animals are not suitable for breeding or hunting, moreover, for exhibitions. Such pets will be disqualified.
