Labradors are a very popular dog breed. They are turned on because they excellent companions, friendly and playful.
With their large size (height at withers reaches 60 cm and weight up to 35 kg) and thick coat, it is not difficult to care for them .
The main thing is to maintain an active lifestyle for the retriever and brush it as often as possible.
The breed traces its history to the Canadian island of Newfoundland. There they were shepherd's helpers. Later, having spread throughout the world, Labradors became sea rescuers, bloodhounds, and guide dogs .
Initially, the breed had a tar color , that is, black . The second color - fawn , also called yellow (cream ), is inferior. According to the standard and genetic factors, Labradors can be of three colors - black, chocolate or fawn .
History of the breed
The history of the Labrador Retriever dates back to Britain in the 1830s, where these dogs were first seen on ships trading between the Labrador region of Canada and Poole, a town in Dorset.
In the beginning, Labradors were often confused with the much larger Newfoundlands and the so-called St. John's water dog (literally - St. John's water dog).
The first Labrador was described as a dog no larger than an English pointer, usually black, with a long muzzle, strong limbs, and short and smooth hair.
Labrador photo
The first photograph of a Labrador was taken in 1856, of a dog named Nell, who belonged to one of the breed's original patrons. By 1870, the name Labrador Retriever had already become firmly established in England.
In 1903, the breed was recognized by the English Kennel Club (the largest breed registration organization in the UK), and in 1917 by the American Kennel Club.
This is how the history of Labradors began.
German langhaar
The large long-haired pointer, bred in Germany for hunting, has an athletic build. The height of an adult individual can reach 70 cm. The hunting rifle is strongly built, has a harmoniously proportional body with strong limbs and a long tail, which help the animal to gain high speed. An attentive animal with intelligent almond-shaped eyes belongs to the medium-haired species.
The coat is not soft, but rather hard with a straight structure. Most often, pointers are found with a solid coat color: light brown or the color of fallen leaves. Rarely are there individuals with a brown coloration, on which graying appears, while the color of the head is always clear. To keep your pet's brown coat looking neat, it is enough to brush it once a week and wash it at least once every 6 weeks.
Description of the Labrador Retriever breed
Today, the standards and characteristics of the Labrador Retriever breed are regulated by the FCI organization - the International Canine Organization. A detailed description of the Labrador breed is established in it under a new edition of 2011.
The appearance of the dogs is admirable - they are a large, slender and at the same time muscular breed. Belongs to the category of smooth-haired breeds.
Photo of Labrador Retriever
Head
The Labrador is a dog with a massive skull and a wide forehead. Usually the head is perfectly balanced in all its individual parts. It is not too large, but at the same time not small - medium in size. The transition from the base to the muzzle is clearly pronounced, and the muzzle itself has no pronounced cheeks.
The length of the Labrador's jaws is short, rather medium. The jaws are quite strong.
The nose is quite wide and has prominent nostrils.
These dogs also have medium-sized eyes, usually brown. Although hazel eye color is quite typical for the breed. When you look at them, you immediately get the impression of the dog’s boundless intelligence and good-natured character.
The Labrador is characterized by a medium-length neck, which has an ideal contour, without unnecessary lines.
The ears on the head are set in the back, fitting tightly to the base of the skull. The ears are hanging type, not heavy.
The teeth are located in a vertical position, which is convenient for gripping, and have an ideal bite.
Neck
The Labrador is characterized by a medium-length neck, which has an ideal contour, without unnecessary lines.
Frame
These animals have a fairly powerful chest, proportional to the entire body. The ribs are brought together well and tightly. The exterior is massive with a straight topline.
In proportion to the chest, the lower back is just as massive - it is wide and at first glance one can feel the strength in it.
Front legs
This breed is characterized by rounded, powerful forelimbs. They are absolutely straight from the elbow joint to the bottom. The toes on the forelimbs are well developed, as are the pads.
The shoulder blade is long with a sufficient slope angle of up to 105 degrees, thanks to which the dog can take a long step. The shoulder is also long and slightly oblique.
Hind legs
The hind limbs are also characterized by massiveness. At the same time, the height of the paws is such that the croup does not bend towards the tail.
The knee bend is just over 100 degrees, allowing for excellent rear mobility and ease of movement when running. The pads and toes of the hind feet are well developed.
Tail
Labrador Retriever dogs are characterized by a massive straight tail. At the base it is very wide, but gradually narrows towards the tip. Such tails are sometimes called otter tails, since such a tail looks the same as that of this waterfowl rodent.
The tail of representatives of this breed always maintains a straight shape, never lies over the croup and does not curl into a ring. The tail is always low, approximately on the top line. The hair on the tail is short with a thick undercoat, and at the same time it is also thick and dense.
Wool
The coat of Labradors is thick, short, but very dense, thanks to which it perfectly protects against low temperatures. The undercoat is also always dense and dense.
Size
In accordance with the standards, males can reach 57 cm at the withers, and females - from 54 to 56 cm. At the same time, the animal’s body weight has a fairly wide range - if females with a fragile exterior can have a weight limited to 25 kg, then for males the weight is quite acceptable up to 40 kg.
Individuals whose height reaches only 50 cm began to appear in European lines, although this is not considered an anomaly. The fact is that there are different types of dogs of this breed: English, American, heavy, classic, modern or old. Although these are unofficial breed types, they may reflect differences in weight and height. In addition, the difference in these indicators can be determined by whether it is a working dog or a show dog. In the first case, weight and height will be within normal limits. And the body build is more athletic. As for show dogs, they are usually more massive and may weigh more than the standard.
Nova Scotian (toller)
The newest breed among Retrievers appeared in 1945 in Canada. Hunters needed a dog that could lure ducks to traps on the shore. From English “tolling” means luring a bird, which is where the name comes from. The standard was adopted in 1983.
Toller's work technique attracts not only waterfowl, but also small rodents. The dog runs along the shore around the set traps, joyfully jumping and “dancing”, wagging its tail.
This is the smallest dog among Retrievers. The height of the Nova Scotia Toller rarely exceeds 50 cm, and the maximum weight is 20 kg. Despite their size, animals do not like apartment life. They like a country house where they can walk in the yard.
The dogs are similar to foxes: a long rectangular body, a fluffy tail, a narrowed muzzle and a bright red color . White spots on the chest and head are characteristic. The coat is smooth, red, silky, consists of two layers: thick guard hair and soft, padded undercoat. The cover is waterproof.
Cheerful, active dog, devoted to family, non-aggressive . At home, Toller is calm, even melancholic. And in nature he is a real fidget. The retriever loves to play, hunt and run. He gets along with children, but does not like other pets. The dog is wary of strangers, so it can serve as a guard.
The dog cannot stand loneliness and cannot live in an enclosure. It is vital for an animal to be close to its owner and feel his love. The breed needs education, training and physical activity. Average cost of puppies: 60,000 rubles.
Labrador colors
Initially, a pure breed was considered to be one that had a black color. It was these dogs that first came to continental Europe. Later, these standards were revised and additional types of colors were officially approved. So in 1924 the fawn Labrador was officially recognized, and in 1930 the brown (chocolate) Labrador began to be recognized.
Briefly, the characteristics of colors can be described as follows:
- The black color is characterized by complete blackness, including the eyelids, lips and nose. This color resembles resin, and there should be no impurities on any part of the body. Likewise, the black color should not have lighter shades resembling gray;
- A fawn puppy is characterized by a light coat. The range of shades in this case is not established - it can be slightly creamy, close to white or red. One type of this color is the yellow Labrador. The nose of a fawn Labrador is black, as are the eyelids and lips;
- Chocolate Labrador is usually completely brown in color - it can be lighter or darker. In some cases, there is a beige Labrador, which is not the norm for the breed and its standard. Moreover, such pigmentation concerns the nose, lips and eyelids.
The curious thing is that it is almost impossible to predict what color the puppies will be in the litter. This often depends on genetic characteristics, and not on the color of the parents' coat.
In addition to these basic colors, there are colors of unusual shades - blue-eyed, fawn with chocolate spots, spotted, silver, dudley. However, they are of no interest to experienced breeders and are therefore not included in the register.
Black color
Black color is usually considered the main color. It was these dogs of the Labrador breed that were initially recognized as the ancestors of the breed. A certain gene in the body is responsible for this color, and therefore it is believed that the dominant color for a purebred dog should be black. However, even for him there is a slight exception - Labrador Retriever puppies have a small light spot in the chest area. However, it is not always noticeable. And if we talk about grown-up individuals, then usually this feature is not visible at all. Black Labrador Retrievers usually have brown eyes.
Brown (chocolate) color
Chocolate-colored puppies are the rarest representatives. Absolutely all parts of their body, including lips, eyelids, and nose, are brown. In this case, shades of brown can range from light to dark. The most common types are:
- liver color shade;
- shade of light chocolate color;
- shade of dark chocolate color.
The coat should be a single color, but, as in the case of black, a small spot in the chest area is allowed, which may be slightly lighter.
Fawn color
For a long time, the fawn color of the Labrador was not recognized by either geneticists or breeders. It was believed that a dog of this variety was an anomaly and could not reflect all the characteristics of the Labrador breed. And yet, in 1924, the fawn color was officially recognized, as a result of which dog breeders around the world, admirers of this breed, can have Labrador Retriever puppies with such unique shades of fawn color:
- cream;
- ginger;
- grey;
- golden;
- sand.
The white Labrador deserves special attention. It is still believed that it cannot exist. Although a coat color as close to white as possible, more like a light cream shade, is allowed, there is no such thing as a perfectly white puppy. Also unique is the golden Labrador with its bright, impressive coat. The Golden Labrador is in demand in kennels, which often display photos of Labradors offered for sale on their dog websites.
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Dachshund
There are three varieties of the breed: long-haired, wire-haired and smooth-haired dachshunds. All three types of dogs are distinguished by their short stature, which does not exceed 30 cm. A long body, an elongated muzzle and hanging long ears are the main features of these miniature dogs. The short dachshund has short, strong and muscular legs.
There are many colors of Dachshund dogs, but the most common are brown and tan and chocolate tan. Regardless of whether the coat is one-color or two-color, the dog may exhibit white patches on the chest or paws.
Personality of Labrador Retrievers
The first breed nursery appeared in Scotland at the beginning of the 19th century. Its creator, Earl of Malmesbury II, noted in his memoirs that these dogs combine the qualities of a companion and an excellent hunter. The count was a widower, and his always cheerful, loving, sociable and affectionate pets helped him cope with loneliness. The dogs have retained their positive qualities to this day.
Literally all representatives of this breed are incredibly friendly and trusting. These qualities are combined with the same excellent livability. A purebred Labrador is attached to its owner, although it is not averse to socializing with other people. In a sense, this trait of their character has a not very good downside - such dogs are almost impossible to use for protection. Their gentle disposition does not allow them to show aggression even towards a thief or robber. Moreover, they may perceive such a person as a new object for communication. However, if a pet notices a clear threat to its owner, it will not stand by and will actively protect its owner from dangerous people and from equally dangerous wild or aggressive animals.
These dogs are different in that they do not need much time to become attached to their new owner. Unlike other breeds, even adult individuals quickly get used to new conditions and a new owner.
They are highly trainable, and the combination of all these qualities is actively used to train guide dogs.
Natural friendliness is also actively used to benefit people. These dogs do an excellent job of helping people with autism and other diseases. It was this breed, among a few others, that was chosen for use in the field of canistherapy due to its flexible disposition and trust in people.
Recommendations for education and training
Training dogs of this breed can begin at an early age, starting as early as four to five months. However, this recommendation is relative and aims at early adaptation of the puppy to the social external environment.
However, even at the age of over two years, these dogs learn commands well and quickly remember them. The docile and calm nature of the Labrador breed is fully demonstrated here in the description of the standards, but this should not be abused. They are quite trainable, but they may not remember some commands right away. In this case, you have to show persistence, which in no case should be brought to the point of rigidity.
When training, it is important to be able to show patience - it will be needed when learning complex commands or those that the dog does not like.
Puppies and older Labradors usually perceive such activities as a game and readily get used to them. In order for your pet to better and faster understand what is required of him, it is advisable to give him a treat during classes for a well-completed task. By the way, they are ready to carry out the orders of the owner even for a good word - dogs of this breed love praise. Especially if it is expressed with warmth and not formally. By the way, you cannot turn such training sessions into a monotonous, everyday activity - the dog will quickly get tired and not obey well.
Care and maintenance of Labradors
The dog has thick, coarse hair that does not require special care. It is enough to wash and comb it about once a month. It is important to pay attention to the physical condition of dogs, as they are prone to obesity. They are active by nature, but without long walks and vigorous play, they quickly gain weight. Training and constant exercise direct energy in a peaceful direction.
Under no circumstances should you feed your pet from the owner’s table - such food can be harmful to its body, especially puppies. We must always remember that overeating is a characteristic feature of this breed. Regarding feeding, you always need to control these connoisseurs of delicious food. You should not overindulge them with treats. A small dose of mineral and vitamin supplements is allowed. However, the rule of moderation should also apply here - you should not overaccustom your dog to such ingredients if they are included in the special food.
Portions should be moderate. Salted and smoked food should not be given. At the same time, you should ensure that your Labrador always has access to fresh, clean water. It is advisable that the water be warm - too cold can harm the esophagus or stomach.
To prevent your pet from gaining excess weight, regular walks are also recommended. And, of course, this should not be a simple leisurely walk in the park - the dog requires active play, so it will be appropriate if its relatives are nearby, or if the owner himself is active. For normal development of a puppy and further life activities, at least half an hour of a morning walk and at least two hours in the evening are required.
In addition to these general recommendations, some other care conditions must be observed:
- Since dogs of this breed have short hair, they can be brushed 1-2 times every 7-10 days. The exception is the molting period - during this time you will have to pick up the comb twice every 1-3 days;
- You can wash such a dog once at an interval of two months. It is allowed to use special shampoos and detergents for dogs from veterinary pharmacies;
- To prevent otitis media caused by ear mites, you need to inspect your ears and clean them with a cotton swab once every two to three days;
- It is best to take care of your teeth with the assistance of a veterinarian.
In addition, as they grow, you can trim the claws - it is better to do this also in a veterinary clinic, so as not to damage the blood vessels in the upper parts of the claws. In general, the participation of a veterinarian in the life of dogs, especially at a young age, cannot be underestimated, and it is advisable to undergo a preventive clinical examination at least once a month.
Golden puppy
Griffon
Small decorative dog breed. Despite its small size, which does not exceed 30 cm, it has a strong and strong physique. Representatives of this breed have a highly developed mustache, beard and eyebrows. Due to this feature, dogs acquire a characteristic thoughtful facial expression.
Griffons are covered with abundant coarse hair. The preferred color of dogs is brown-roan with a possible dark mask. A funny pet with a calm expression on its face does not require careful care; it is enough to cut the pet’s hair several times a year with special equipment.
Predisposition of Labradors to diseases
In general, representatives of this breed are quite strong in terms of health and are not prone to numerous diseases. However, they also have weak points when the body can malfunction.
For example, puppies can develop obesity if the owner has relaxed control over feeding. In addition, they are characterized by a disease such as deafness.
Given the weight and height of adult dogs, it is not surprising that they may suffer from orthopedic conditions, the most common of which is hip dysplasia. However, this should not be considered a tendency to illness - such a pathology usually occurs only as a result of overfeeding.
Also one of the potential problems is eye diseases. Of these, the most common are retinal atrophy and cataracts. Slightly less common are cases of corneal dystrophy.
As for infectious diseases, diseases such as viral hepatitis, canine distemper, parvovirus enteritis, parainfluenza and viral hepatitis may pose a particular threat. However, these diseases are often reported in Labrador Retriever puppies under 2 years of age.
Among the invasive diseases that dogs are prone to are helminthic diseases such as ascariasis or toxocariasis.
Considering all of the above, the Labrador Retriever is one of the dogs with good health.
American Water Spaniel
The American Spaniel is a smaller version of the regular Spaniel. The height of the breed does not exceed 46 cm at the withers. The Water Spaniel has short, curly hair. The color of the breed comes only in shades of brown. Dogs' eyes are the same color as the rest of their hair: hazel brown or dark brown.
The appearance of the water spaniel is distinguished not only by its curly coat, but also by its long ears, which can completely cover the dog’s face. The entire body of this breed is harmoniously built. Protruding ribs, a long curved tail, webbed feet - all these characteristics help the spaniel to be a good swimmer.
Tips for choosing a Labrador puppy
It is recommended to pick up the puppy from the kennel after it reaches 8-10 weeks of age.
To purchase a true Labrador Retriever puppy, it is advisable to first carefully select a kennel. But even there you should show maximum attention - if the conditions seem unsuitable for keeping dogs, it is better to refuse the services of such a kennel. Unsanitary conditions will have a negative impact on the baby.
Photos of Labrador Retriever puppies
When choosing a puppy, be sure to look at its mother. As for the father from whom the litter was brought, it is enough to see a photo of an adult Labrador dog, and, if possible, contact the owner to confirm the fact of mating. This way you can gain confidence in the purity of the breed.
In order not to make a mistake, it is better to choose a larger puppy. Before visiting the kennel, you can ask for photos of the puppies. However, even before this, it is necessary to decide what is preferable - a male or a female. It will be better to choose the first puppies from the litter - they are usually more viable.
The puppy's mother must have documents confirming her pedigree. Moreover, there must be a veterinary passport, which indicates timely vaccinations and other veterinary treatments.
As for the puppy itself, the young Labrador must fully comply with all the characteristics of the breed. Some nurseries may offer to buy a short-haired Labrador - and this is not an anomaly of the breed. Likewise, when choosing, you should make sure that the color has no flaws.
An important condition should be the behavior of the Labrador at a young age. Keeping in mind the character typical of these dogs, you need to pay attention to how active and playful the future pet is, and whether it shows trust.
And one more important condition for choosing a Labrador is that a conscientious breeder always monitors the offspring and can provide information about the achievements of his former pets.
The puppy itself, already at 45 days of age, must have a special metric, which must be completed by the owner at the time of sale. If sanitary treatment or deworming has already been carried out, a veterinary passport must be issued.
What does color affect?
The color has absolutely no effect on anything. It may seem that black dogs are more stern, while white dogs are good-natured. However, appearances are deceiving. All dogs are very friendly and can easily become full members of the family. They are excellent hunters and swimmers, and are also easy to train. Therefore, choose a color based on personal preference. Regardless of what color the dog is, you will get an excellent companion.
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