6 contraceptive medications for dogs: injections, tablets and drops

Cycle Features

Estrus (estrus) in bitches can occur several times a year.
The first estrus begins at 6-18 months. The optimal duration is 21 days. The interval between estrus is 5-8 months. The reproductive cycle consists of 4 stages:

• Forerunner;
• Estrus;
• Afterflow;
• Sexual rest.

The first stage is also called proestrus. Lasts 10 days. At this time, the eggs mature. The animal changes its behavior - it shows anxiety, does not listen to its owner, and marks its territory. Blood supply to the genital organs increases. The genital loop swells. There is bloody discharge coming out of her. During this period, the pet is aggressive towards males.

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The second is estrus. Lasts from 2 to 12 days. The discharge takes on a slimy and transparent appearance. The female ovulates and goes into heat. The bitch is ready for mating, the male does not cause aggression in her. These days the animals are mated.

The third is diestrus. Lasts 65 days. Signs of estrus begin to disappear. The pet calms down. During this period, pregnancy develops if the female has been mated. If mating does not take place, symptoms of a false pregnancy may occur.

The stage of sexual rest is anestrus. Can last 60-180 days. The uterus is recovering, the ovaries are not active, the body is preparing for the next cycle.

Mating does not keep the bitch healthy. The process is justified by the continuation of the genealogy. A purebred puppy has a high price. The improved breed is bred by experienced dog breeders. The sexual cycle is often interrupted if the owner does not plan for the dog's offspring.

Does a dog need mating?

If you decide to breed your bitch with a male, remember: mating is not necessary to maintain the health of the animal. It is carried out for the purpose of obtaining offspring. This process is justified within the framework of a nursery, when the breed is improved through systematic, thoughtful mating.

If your pet cannot boast of a breed exterior and a long pedigree, you do not attend exhibitions and other cynological events with her, think about whether you need puppies and whether you intend to search for their future owners.

Interrupt methods

Estrus indicates the dog's sexual maturity. Lasts throughout life. It can be temporarily stopped with contraceptives. Abort completely - through surgery.

The owner must understand that regular use of hormonal drugs is harmful to the health of the pet. The hormonal drug is used when the start occurs at the wrong time - at competitions, exhibitions, during the holiday period. Consult your veterinarian before use.

There are forms of contraceptives:

• Tablet;
• Suspension;
• Injection form;
• Drip form.

They reduce sexual arousal, produce a sedative effect, reduce the amount of gonadotropic hormones - stop estrus, prolong anestrus.

The drugs have a number of contraindications and side effects; read the instructions before use.

Dog lovers often use Covinan, a liquid suspension. Covinan contains a hormone of synthetic origin - prolygestone. It suppresses sex hormones, preventing the formation of follicles in the ovaries. The drug is excreted from the body through the intestines. A small part ends up in the urine. The drug is administered through an intramuscular injection into the withers or groin area. The dose depends on the weight. For dogs up to 5 kg - 1-1.5 ml, up to 10 kg - 2.5 ml, for every 10 kg 1 ml is added.

Sterilization and castration are types of surgical termination of estrus.

Sterilization involves blocking the oviducts in the ovaries. This eliminates the possibility of conception, but does not eliminate the symptoms of estrus.

Castration represents the removal of the organs of the reproductive system - the ovaries and uterus. Sometimes only the ovaries are removed. After castration, symptoms of estrus will not appear.

Interrupting the emptying is an intervention in the natural process, rarely without consequences for the pet.

Before choosing a method of interrupting the physiological process, you need to perform a veterinary examination of the dog.

Pills

Most pills are hormonal drugs that, using a dose of artificially synthesized hormones, suppress or transfer the empty state, thereby disrupting the natural order of things. They work if you start taking them strictly in accordance with the instructions in the first days or immediately before the start of sexual heat. If ovulation is already at its peak, then they will not be able to help, but they can cause colossal harm.

Only a veterinarian can prescribe the drug, taking into account all the physiological characteristics of the animal and its chronic diseases.

There are a number of contraindications for which the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs is prohibited:

• Diseases and tumors of the genitourinary system.
• Diabetes.
• Heart diseases.
• Hormonal problems.
• Unsteady, uneven cycle.
• Young age of the dog (up to 1.5 years).
• Allergies and intolerance to components.

A separate niche is occupied by tablets that contain natural sedative ingredients. They are weaker and need to be used in larger dosages, but they will not cause irreparable damage to the animal.

False heat and other surprises for a beginner

Young bitches have false empty spots.
It is so called because there are all external manifestations, except for the main thing - ovulation. This condition is not dangerous. Sometimes it is interrupted for several days and then resumes, but now with ovulation. There are hidden (dry, white) estrus. The difference is that follicles are formed in the normal manner and eggs are released. There are no external signs - a swollen genital loop, blood secretion. Dry heat is not a deviation; a female dog can still become pregnant and produce a healthy litter.

Prolonged discharge is a cause for concern. If they are observed for longer than 30 days, contact your veterinarian. This is all the more necessary to do if yellowish or greenish inclusions appear in the secretion, decreased appetite, or increased body temperature.

Often, new dog breeders, due to lack of knowledge, cannot distinguish estrus from diseases. The dog is ready to mate 1-2 times a year, and the rest of the time any discharge is an anomaly.

Postponement of outpouring

What the owner can do in most cases is to delay the dog’s estrus. Most often, this is done when the owner needs to go somewhere for a certain period of time, and strangers will look after the animal.

Thus, it is necessary to consult a doctor who, after conducting all the studies and taking tests, will decide on the possibility of such a delay. You cannot do this on your own, based on reviews from friends, as you can only harm your pet.

Signs of heat

How does estrus manifest itself? You can determine when a dog is in heat by its behavior, and it changes significantly. The female becomes more active, becomes overly playful and may ignore commands. This is all the result of a hormonal surge. Among the main signs of estrus are:

• The dog begins to sit down to urinate more often (it marks its territory so that potential suitors are aware that it is ready to accept advances);
• Bloody discharge oozes from the noose;
• She often licks the area under her tail;
• The bitch begins to flirt with the males, they show active interest;
• Estrus is preceded by molting.

At first, dogs do not allow members of the opposite sex to approach; they may even show aggression when courtship is too intrusive; their body is not yet ready for mating.

After one and a half to 2 weeks, the structure of the dog’s discharge changes; it will look like yellowish mucus. During this period, the female feels a strong sexual desire, especially if she notices males nearby, her tail moves to the side, and her body takes the stance necessary for sexual intercourse. The loop increases significantly in size.

The bitch can remain in this excited state for 5 to 7 days. If the owner wants to breed a dog, then he must mark these days. The right time for mating animals is between the 9th and 17th days, less often on the 21st. Everything is individual and depends on the breed of the pet.

Step-by-step passage of heat

The entire animal cycle is divided into 4 stages:

1. Proestrus (or called proestrus). Duration 1-1.5 weeks. At this time, the process of blood circulation in the genital area increases significantly, the loop swells, and the first, initially scanty, bloody discharge appears. During this period, the dog is not yet ready for mating; ovulation has not yet occurred. But external signs are already evident - she becomes playful, may not obey the owner, and run away. When walking, he spends more time sniffing out the surroundings and constantly crouches down to leave marks. Males are already experiencing increased interest; when trying to copulate, the bitch growls and snarls.
2. Estrus (active sexual hunting). During this period of time, more precisely the first 2 days, the process of ovulation occurs. But the bitch can keep the gentlemen away for a few more days. A little later, when she sees a potential suitor, the female raises the back of her body, tightens the noose and moves her tail to the side to facilitate the penetration process. She freezes and patiently waits for action from the male dog. The discharge from the loop will vary; normally, the appropriate period for mating occurs when it is light pink or disappears completely. The vulva swells significantly.
3. Metaestrus (the final stage of estrus). The duration of this period is several days. The discharge stops, the noose returns to its previous size, and the bitch again does not allow gentlemen to approach her. If fertilization does not occur, then the female again becomes calm. The dog still experiences hormonal changes - the level of progesterone increases, which is not without reason called the pregnancy hormone. This happens regardless of whether the female becomes pregnant or not. This condition becomes the cause of such a phenomenon as false pregnancy, which mostly passes without outside help and consequences.
4. Anestrus (phase of sexual tranquility). The duration of this stage is approximately 100-150 days and allows the animal’s body to recover before the next heat.

The frequency of estrus varies among dogs due to several associated factors. For example, in domestic dogs it happens 2 times a year - in autumn and at the end of winter. Sometimes flow is limited to once a year.

Dogs that are kept outdoors, pets from the north, breed once a year in early spring to give birth to puppies in the warmer months.

Drops on the withers

Also hormonal contraceptives, but for external use. The drops interrupt ovulation at the initial stage, transferring the body back to the resting stage. However, this is not the only impact it has. Another component is necessary to stop aggressive behavior and changes associated with sexual estrus.

Artificially synthesized hormones are also added to the preparations, which help normalize well-being and improve appearance. Shedding stops and the fur takes on a well-groomed appearance again.

The main advantages are:

• Easy to dispense and use due to convenient packaging.
• Complex impact on external and internal manifestations of sexual desire.
• Relatively rare complications.

How to avoid mating

This question is most often asked by owners of dogs who do not plan to breed. But it is not alien to people who keep breeding dogs, because an unplanned mating will be an unpleasant surprise.

The main condition is to keep an eye on the dog while walking, do not let it off the leash and do not allow strangers to get too close.

You can purchase a special product at veterinary pharmacies or pet stores that eliminates the odor that attracts male dogs. It is used to treat the back of the pet’s body before each walk.

Care features

On the eve of the first estrus, the female may experience discharge from the loop, juvenile vaginitis containing a small amount of pus. There is no need to worry, this phenomenon is normal. Everything will return to normal as soon as the heat passes. If this does not happen, then it is worth undergoing an examination to identify various pathologies.

To make the estrus period more hygienic (especially for estrus in dogs kept in an apartment), you can purchase elastic panties for one-time use. They will prevent your dog from leaving bloody spots around the house. But still, you should not wear them all the time; veterinarians advise allowing the female to remove the discharge on her own by licking it.

During the first heat, the dog may not understand how to behave, so it is worth teaching it to remove spots. And to do this you need to remove carpets and rugs from the floor.

During the period of heat, the dog requires care:

• You should avoid long walks in winter to prevent your pet from catching a cold;
• There is no need to take her out to places where other dogs gather;
• Walks are strictly on a leash.

If suddenly it was not possible to prevent an unwanted mating, then it is forbidden to give the dog drugs to help terminate the pregnancy. This will cause significant health problems for the pet, which lead to infertility in the dog.

An important factor is keeping the dog during heat. If you do not plan to breed a dog and get puppies from her, at the first sign of estrus you need to start taking precautions:

• Keep a close eye on your dog while walking and avoid all contact with dogs of the opposite sex.
• Walk your dog on a short leash: even the most well-mannered and docile pet can run away during heat, not paying attention to any commands.
• Do not allow your dog to mate - it is impossible to separate the animals during intercourse.
• Do not take your dog while in heat to competitions or shows. This will cause anxiety among the male dogs present at the show. During heat, a dog does not respond well to commands and can be disobedient.

Is it possible to give a dog valerian, corvalol, glycine and how to calm it down at home?

If there are no veterinary sedatives at home and the dog is stressed, the question arises of giving human medications.

Valerian infusion has a sedative effect. It makes dogs relax, makes them sleepy, and normalizes blood pressure. It is better to use an aqueous solution of valerian rather than an alcohol solution. Dosage depending on the size of the dog: 5-15 drops .

Corvalol contains peppermint and phenobarbital. Can be used if you urgently need to calm your dog or stop seizures. It is not recommended to give the product frequently. Dosage 3-10 drops per dog . If you are afraid of a negative reaction or overdose, you can add Corvalol to water or drop it on a cotton pad and just let your dog sniff.

Glycine is included in some veterinary products, for example, Stop-stress, but it has a weak effect and owners often do not notice the effect of use.

You should use caution when using a dog sedative from a human pharmacy, as it is easy to overdose and may affect your pet's breathing or heart function.

In addition to medications, you should first try to eliminate the source of stress or fear and take your four-legged friend to a safe place.

Stroke your pet, talk to it, but do not hug or hang over it, as this can aggravate the situation . For the dog, such behavior on your part seems threatening and will add unnecessary stress.

No heat

With good general health and the state of the reproductive and hormonal systems, the first estrus occurs at the established normal times and then repeats with a certain cyclical regularity. If the dog is older than 18 months, and the first heat has not come, you should consult a veterinarian to find out the reason for this delay.

Reasons for delay/absence of first heat:

• Poor living conditions, improper or insufficient feeding;
• Violation of hormonal regulation of the reproductive system;
• Congenital disorders in the development and structure of the genital organs;
• Ovarian dysfunction (hypofunction, lack of appropriate hormones during the appropriate period);
• Dysfunction of the pituitary gland and/or thyroid gland;
• Tumors and/or other neoplasms, cysts of the pelvic organs or on the ovaries;
• Endocrine pathologies;
• Chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus;
• Hermaphroditism (for example, when underdeveloped testes are found instead of ovaries).

Suspensions

Presented in the form of drops “EX-5”, “EX-7.5” for oral use. They are dripped onto the tongue from a bottle with a dropper. You can also hide the product in a treat and give it to your dog. Features of the reception are related to the purpose - delaying estrus or interrupting it.

Megestrol-based medications should not be prescribed to dogs and cats:

• starting from 3 days from the start of estrus;
• immature, pregnant and lactating animals;
• animals with diseases of the reproductive system, mammary tumors, diabetes mellitus and hormonal disorders;
• in case of individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Important: Before using medications, consult your veterinarian and read the instructions.

How to avoid the difficulties of estrus

To cope with the symptoms of estrus in dogs, breeders and dog owners advise using drugs to regulate sexual heat.

Drugs from the CounterSex Neo brand are hormonal drugs for regulating sexual desire and preventing unwanted pregnancy in case of accidental mating.

Many breeders and dog owners use CounterSex Neo for the following reasons:

1. High efficiency. With the help of CounterSex Neo drugs, it is possible to effectively correct a dog’s behavior, solve problems of aggression, marks in dogs during heat; prevent unwanted pregnancy.
2. Safety. CounterSex Neo is a new generation bihormonal drug. The drug is safe due to the minimal content of 2 modern active ingredients.
3. Convenience. The drug CounterSex Neo is available in the form of drops and tablets. Each owner can choose the most comfortable form of the drug for his dog, in which it will be convenient for him to give the drug to the animal.

Choosing underwear

Dog panties are very popular. They are used to protect animals from the entry of bacteria into the genital tract, to prevent damage to furniture and carpets by secretions during the active stage of “critical days”, and finally, they are used as a means of preventing unwanted pregnancy in females.

Such underwear is made from a variety of fabrics, ranging from cotton to synthetic materials. Of course, it is desirable that the pet’s skin breathes, however, if panties are used exclusively as a means of contraception, then it is better to choose synthetic ones. They take the shape of the animal's body, are easy to wash and effectively perform their main function. It is recommended to put them on the girl 2-3 days before the start of the active stage of estrus.